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    POSTER SESSION 1

    Poster First Name Last Name Abstract
    1 Marie Kmita Numerous patients with disease-associated missense mutations have been identified. The challenge is to understand the underlying defective mechanisms. For instance, several mis-sense mutations affecting Hoxd13, a member of the Hox family of developmental genes, results in digit defects. Patients with missense mutations in Hoxd13 have digit defects reminiscent of Hoxd13 loss-of-function. We present here the strategy we’re using to study these mutations and the mechanism identified so far to explain these Hoxd13-associated malformations. We believe that our strategy can be useful to the study other human conditions linked to missense mutations.
    2 Ansley Conchola Recent advances using single cell genomic approaches have identified new epithelial cell types and uncovered cellular heterogeneity in the murine and human lung. Here, using scRNA-seq and microscopy we identify and describe a secretory-like cell that is enriched in the small airways of the developing human lung and identified by the unique co-expression of SCGB3A2/SFTPB/CFTR. To place these cells in the hierarchy of airway development, we apply a single cell barcode-based lineage tracing method track the fate of SCGB3A2/SFTPB/CFTR cells during airway organoid differentiation in vitro. Lineage tracing revealed that these cells have distinct developmental potential from basal cells, giving rise predominantly to pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) and a subset of multiciliated cells distinguished by high C6 and low MUC16 expression. We conclude that SCGB3A2/SFTPB/CFTR cells act as a progenitor cell contributing to the cellular diversity and heterogeneity in the developing human airway. 
    3 Maria Avdeeva
    Abstract: Mutations in the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway are associated with a broad class of developmental diseases called RASopathies in humans. In the wildtype zebrafish embryo, ERK signals relay information from highly localized cell fate patterning sources. We used mutations in an ERK pathway component, MEK, to optogenetically drive uniform signaling activity during the first hours of zebrafish embryogenesis. By projecting the ERK-activated single cell transcriptomic profiles onto the wildtype phenotypic space, we analyzed redistribution of cell states within the wildtype manifold following ERK activation. We additionally assessed off-manifold transcriptomic changes potentially characteristic of the signaling state of the disease.

    Comments: Joint work with Aleena Patel (Stanford University), Rebecca Burdine (Princeton University) and Stanislav Shvartsman (Princeton University and Flatiron Institute).
    4 Nan
    		 Fang
    		 Flexible and scalable single cell multi-comics solutions 
    5 Camila
    		 Fernandes Deletion of the co-chaperone Stress Inducible Protein 1 (STI1) is lethal in the early stages of development. Although the importance of STI1 is well known in the context of proteostasis, the molecular mechanisms that lead to embryonic impairment are unknown. Combining bulk and single-cell transcriptomics analysis followed by in vitro experiments with pluripotent stem cells, we investigated the patterns and outcomes of STI1 expression during mammalian development. We discovered that STI1 is expressed in a specific window of development and co-expressed with pluripotency markers. Our data further indicate that STI1 might work as a master controller of pluripotency, dictating important mechanisms of mammalian early development.
    6 Tim Herpelinck Endochondral ossification, the process where a transient cartilage intermediate gets replaced by bone, is used to form most of the skeleton during development. It reappears upon bone fracture: a cartilaginous callus bridges the defect before ossifying into new bone. To what extent the processes governing endochondral ossification in development and regeneration are conserved is unknown, but of vital importance for the tissue engineering field, as it would mean a core developmental module can be very robustly reactivated. To address the question of the degree of conservation I have collected samples of human and mouse fracture healing, which I will compare against the developing human and mouse limb.
    7 Carsten Knutsen Significant lung development occurs postnatally, heightening vulnerability to injuries that disrupt structure and function. Although recent studies have identified drivers of acute injury, the mechanisms promoting repair of the immature lung remain unclear. Here, we performed plate-based, scRNA-seq of nearly 10,000 lung cells from neonatal mice recovered after chronic, hyperoxic injury. Although all lineages demonstrated lasting changes in cell abundance upon recovery, many cell subtypes progressed toward pre-injury phenotypes, while select highly susceptible subtypes exhibited marked, durable transcriptomic alterations upon recovery. This dataset provides an essential framework for the development of cell-specific therapies aimed at enhancing lung regeneration after injury.
    8 Sillarine Kurkalang Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Gingivo-buccal (OSCC-GB) Reveals Tumor Cell Populations Recapitulate Signatures of Early Development

    Sillarine Kurkalang1, Sumitava Roy1, Arunima Acharya1, Paramita Mazumder2, Somnath Mazumder1, Subrata Patra1, Shekhar Ghosh1, Sumanta Sarkar1, Sudip Kundu1, Nidhan K. Biswas1, Sandip Ghose2, Partha P Majumder1,3, Arindam Maitra1
    1: National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
    2: Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
    3: Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India

    Tumor cells are known to recapitulate the early developmental programs of their tissue of origin, a basis for intra-tumor heterogeneity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, intra-tumor heterogeneity of 12 OSCC-GB primary tumors was investigated. We identified tumor cell populations with an enriched expression of fetal epithelial cell-type signatures, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signature, and cancer-testis genes including CTAG2 and MAGEA4. Cells exhibiting EMT showed higher expression of invasion, metastasis, and differentiation gene signatures than fetal and germ-like epithelial cells. Our findings indicate a recapitulation of early developmental programs; EMT and fetal cellular reprogramming that could play major roles in OSCC-GB tumorigenesis.

     Keywords: Early developmental programs, Intra-tumor heterogeneity, Oral cancer, Single‐cell RNA sequencing
    9 Partha Majumder Gingivo-buccal squamous-cell oral cancer  (OSCC-GB) is of high prevalence in south and southeast Asia.  Tobacco-chewing is a prominent trigger.  There is considerable variation in the development and prognosis of OSCC-GB. Tumor tissue of 12 OSCC-GB patients were collected and subjected to scRNA analyses. We have found that patients with prior oral sub-mucous fibrosis cluster separately from the others.  Two prominent cellular programs were identified.
    10 Benjamin Lepennetier Organoids are promising models to study human-specific developmental mechanisms and associated pathologies. Up to now, one organoid protocol has been designed to mimic cerebellar development, but it has not been fully validated yet. Using bulk RNAseq on cerebellar organoids at different timepoints, we demonstrate the induction of a cerebellar-like fate, with sequential expression of typical cerebellar markers. We are currently running snRNAseq analyses in organoids and human embryonic cerebellar samples, to comprehensively characterise this model and assess its relevance. We also aim to investigate the potential of cerebellar organoids to study genetic factors behind neurodevelopmental pathologies of the cerebellum.
    11 Mohammad Lotfollahi Constructing population-level references requires large-scale integration of heterogeneous cohorts with varying meta-data such as demographics and experimental protocols. Here, we present \textit{single-cell population level integration (scPoli)}, a semi-supervised model to learn both samples and cell representations. scPoli is aware of cell-type annotations and can integrate and annotate newly generated query datasets while providing an uncertainty mechanism to identify novel populations. We applied scPoli on two population-level atlases of Lung and PBMCs with altogether ~9M cells across thousands of donors. We demonstrate that scPoli can explain biological and technical variations such as disease, anatomical location, and protocols. We envision scPoli becoming an essential tool for population-level single-cell data integration facilitating multi-scale analysis.
    12 Mathilde Marchais Etiology of oocyte quality and primary ovarian insufficiency is mostly unknown. We believe quality and functionality of the intercellular network of transzonal projections (TZP) between cumulus cells and the gamete are involved. We hypothesized that proteins from the Fragile X Related Proteins (FXRPs) family are key to establish the TZP network. Our results confirm involvement of FXRPs in TZP network formation, age-related depletion of ovarian reserves and reproductive lifespan reduction. Complementary data from our laboratory strongly suggest these RNA-binding proteins promote mRNA transport and distal translation to support oocyte competence. The next step is to define conditions impacting FXRP expression.
    13 Ruvimbo Mishi The human brain is made up of a collection of distinct cell types that play specialized roles in maintaining proper brain function. The process of maturation of this complex organ can be assessed by examining the dynamics of gene expression within the various cell types. Previous studies have used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to provide vital information on gene expression at a cell-specific level. These studies, which focused on either the pre-natal or adult brain, lacked comprehensive information about the spatial dynamics of cell type-specific gene expression over the course of brain maturation. Here we demonstrate the importance of understanding the dynamics of gene expression in the context of changing tissue architecture as the human temporal cortex matures from postnatal to adult state. Using the 10X Genomics Visium technology we were able to obtain genome-wide spatial gene expression patterns from 4-,15-(x2) and 31-year-old samples. Fifty-three cell types, annotated using the current published human temporal lobe cell atlas, were spatially mapped by integrating Visium spatial gene expression and snRNA-seq datasets from the same samples. Previously identified layer-enriched genes were confirmed to be present in all the samples. Furthermore, novel layer-enriched genes that showed an increase in expression during brain maturation were identified. The findings of this study contribute to the human brain cell atlas through the provision of spatial gene expression information in the maturing temporal cortex. 
    14 Seungmae Seo Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a critical role in controlling viral infection and tumor immunity. Some congenital mutations lead to a specific loss of NK cells. To understand the pathogenesis of such NK cell deficiencies, we have generated and differentiated patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells into NK cells. We monitored the differentiation process with RNAseq and compared it to multiple in vivo single-cell RNAseq from the HCA consortium and others. Our data revealed the differentiation trajectories of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells in the culture along the developmental landscape and shed light on the disease process.   
    15 Christina Steyn Postnatal human brain maturation is a protracted process occurring from birth to early adulthood. While temporal changes in gene expression dynamics over this period have been investigated at a tissue level, there is no study addressing this topic at the cellular level. Here we present the first paediatric brain cell atlas comprising of 6 single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) datasets generated from ante-mortem temporal cortex human brain tissue samples obtained during elective surgeries to treat epilepsy. We have processed these together with 6 adult temporal cortex snRNAseq datasets to gain novel insight into cell-type-specific gene expression dynamics during brain maturation. 
    16 Justine van Greenen Electroporation: a cost-effective method to validate putative enhancers in the context of the maturing human brain.

    The identification of putative enhancers and their targets is essential for building a comprehensive gene regulatory network. Once these putative enhancers have been identified, their activity needs to be verified.
    An electroporation system for testing enhancer activity has been successfully optimised for mouse and human organotypic brain tissue slices. This system is cost-effective, safe to use and does not require genetically modified organisms, making it attainable to most labs
    17 Yichi Xu The early window of human embryogenesis is largely a black box for developmental biologists. Here we probed the cellular diversity of 4- to 6-week human embryos when essentially all organs are just laid out. Based on over 180,000 single-cell transcriptomes, we generated a comprehensive atlas of 313 cell types that belong to 18 developmental systems, and identified hundreds of cell type specific markers. We characterized the molecule and spatial architecture of previously unappreciated cell types by integrating with spatial transcriptome. Combined with data of other vertebrates, the rich information shed light on spatial patterning of axes, systemic temporal regulation of developmental progression and potential human-specific regulation. Our study provides a compendium of early progenitor cells of human organs, which can serve as the root of lineage analysis in organogenesis.
    18 Peter Peneder This project tackles a fundamental question in cancer biology: Why and how do certain oncogenic driver genes promote cancer in one cellular context but not in another? To recapitulate the initiating events of sarcomagenesis in vitro we have established a 3D stem cell differentiation platform with inducible fusion oncogene expression, allowing us to study multiple sarcoma-linked fusions in a broad spectrum of developing cells. By comparing single-cell gene expression data from fusion-expressing cells to a custom atlas of unperturbed development via differential abundance testing and lineage tracing, we aim to assign fusion-specific permissiveness rankings to each cell state.

    POSTER SESSION 2

    Poster  First Name Last Name Abstract
    1 Mattia Francesco Maria
    		 Gerli The amniotic fluid (AF) surrounds and protects the fetus during gestation and contains multiple cell populations shedding from the fetal tissues. The AF cellular composition is highly dynamic, and is strongly influenced by the developmental progression of the fetus. AF cells have been mostly ascribed to the epithelial, mesenchymal, and haematopoietic linages. However, a detailed map of the AF cellular content has yet to be compiled. Our team has generated a preliminary atlas of the human AF and aims to make this comprehensive, annotating each cell’s identity and tissue of origin, along with tracing its changes across gestation and disease.
    2 Christophe Avenel Christophe Avenel, Nicolas Pielawski, Axel Andersson, Andrea Behanova, Eduard Chelebian, Anna Klemm, Fredrik Nysjö, Leslie Solorzano, Carolina Wählby

    We will present TissUUmaps, a free and open source browser-based tool for GPU-accelerated visualization and interactive exploration of millions of datapoints overlaying tissue samples. TissUUmaps is the viewer used in the Human Developmental Cell Atlas web site (https://hdca-sweden.scilifelab.se/tissues-overview/lung/). With TissUUmaps, users can visualize markers and regions, explore spatial statistics, and assess the quality of decoding in situ transcriptomics data. TissUUmaps provides instant multi-resolution image viewing, can be customized, shared, integrated in Jupyter Notebooks or used in a standalone application.
    TissUUmaps was created in collaboration between BIIF and the Wählby lab. You can read more about it on https://tissuumaps.github.io
    3 Kristin Ardlie

    Title - The Developmental Genotype-Tissue Expression (dGTEx) Project

    Abstract - The Developmental Genotype-Tissue Expression (dGTEx) Project is an effort to catalog and analyze transcriptional profiles from cells from a wide variety of tissues obtained from neonates, children, and adolescents in a post-mortem setting. The primary goal of the project is to establish a resource database and associated tissue bank from multiple relatively healthy reference pediatric tissues, to provide a comprehensive dataset of cellular gene expression across a wide range of human tissues throughout development, and to make this resource broadly available for further research. In scope, the project is aiming to recruit a minimum of 120 post-mortem donors spanning neonates through adolescent developmental stages, and to sample at least 30 tissues/organs per donor. We have been working closely with many organ-specific teams from the Pediatric Networks for the HCA to co-develop tissue specific sampling SOPs, so as to harmonize tissue sampling sites, metadata, and increase resources across these pediatric efforts. 
    4 Max Beesley Human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) are easily-accessible mesenchymal, multipotent stem cells. Autologous to the fetus, they’re ideal fetal/neonatal regenerative medicine candidates. Through bulk RNAseq, we showed AFSCs have renal origin. In our current work we applied spatial transcriptomics to human fetal kidneys(n=3,20PCW) to investigate their precise anatomical site-of-origin. This required a novel workflow to overlay our bulk RNAseq AFSC and spatial transcriptomic expression profiles. This identified the renal cell types and anatomical location which shows greatest transcriptomic similarity to AFSCs. Reinforcing our hypothesis that AFSCs form from shed renal epithelia after translocation in fetal urine to the amniotic fluid.
    5 Charlie Childs
    Enteroids derived from intestinal epithelial tissue recapitulate many aspects of the organ in vitro and can be used for biological discovery, personalized medicine, and drug development. Here, we leverage scRNA-seq and imaging to interrogate the developing human intestinal stem cell niche. We identified EPIREGULIN (EREG) as uniquely expressed in the developing crypt and found that EREG can take the place of EGF as an in vitro niche factor. Unlike EGF, which leads to growth of thin-walled cystic structures, EREG-enteroids are spatially resolved into budded and proliferative crypt domains and a differentiated villus-like central lumen. Multiomic analysis showed that EREG-enteroids are globally similar to the native intestine while enteroids have an altered chromatin landscape, downregulate the master intestinal transcription factor CDX2, and ectopically express stomach genes.
    6 Peng He Embryonic and fetal development of human tissues involve sophisticated cell-fate determination and execution. However, our current understandings of cellular diversity and lineage trajectories are mainly inferred from model organisms or whole-tissue measurements. Here I present a systematic approach combining single-cell transcriptomics and accessibility, spatial transcriptomics, and novel computational methods to  show a modern view of human tissue development, using the limb and the lung as test cases. We identified novel epithelial subtypes and a novel cancer-related lineage in the lung, as well as new anatomical structures in the distal limb. We further reproduced the transcriptomic phenotypes of the neuroendocrine lineage in the lung organoid.
    7 Mohammad Amin  Honardoost Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a paediatric autoimmune disease resulting from immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-secreting beta-cells. Inter-patient heterogeneity is thought to underlie the paucity of disease-modifying therapies for T1DM. Moreover, immune cell phenotypes in T1DM have not been systematically characterized. We generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (n= 117, 737) from 46 T1DM cases and 33 matched controls. Our study reveals a surprisingly strong systemic dimension to T1DM immunopathology, defines a clinically relevant molecular endotype score and lays a foundation for non-invasive test development, patient stratification and monitoring drug response.
    8 Dominik Klein Trajectory inference methods are relevant for understanding the development of cells. Various tools have been developed and applied, often allowing for valuable biological insights. Nevertheless, many methods suffer from restrictions like scalability limitations and poor performance. Here, we propose a new, performant, scalable and robust trajectory inference method based on Optimal Transport, which we call Unbalanced Parameterized Monge Maps (UPMMs) . We show UPMMs are more performant than other established trajectory inference methods while allowing for the inference of a vector field in the full gene expression space. Hence, UPMMs are particularly suitable to analyze developmental cell atlases and allow for querying trajectories.
    9 Alina Kurjan Tendons are complex connective tissues that are essential for locomotion and capable of regenerative healing during development. Unfortunately, this intrinsic ability is lost with age, and tendon injury is common. Understanding the characteristics of a regenerative tendon can inform the development of effective therapeutics for tendon injury. Here, we establish the histologic characteristics and transcriptomic blueprints of human Achilles tendon over 1st and 2nd trimesters (bulk RNA-seq) and characterise tendon cell types at single-nuclei resolution. Gene regulatory network and RNA Velocity analyses reveal master regulators of tendon developmental cell states and highlight potential developmental lineage trajectories of foetal tendon cells.
    10 Semih  Bayraktar The human heart is composed of various cell types with distinct embryonic origins and functions. We analysed fetal human hearts aged between post conception weeks of 7 and 15. Through scRNA-seq, scATAC-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and processing samples based on anatomical location, we identified 6 main cell types with +45 subtypes. We validated our findings with immunohistochemistry and provide functional relevance through cell-cell communication and gene regulatory network inference analysis. Collectively, our analysis provides a better understanding of human heart development, and will inform studies into disease modelling.
    11 Antonin Marchais Spatiotemporal characterization of Osteosarcoma tumor from patients and derived PDX
    12 Sreekala Nampoothiri Despite paradigm shifting research on diet-induced plasticity at the blood-hypothalamus barrier1, much remains to be uncovered in terms of factors regulating these changes such as transcriptional activity, cell-cell interactions, and especially sex-specific differences, a critical but rarely studied layer of complexity. In this light, we sought to understand how the brain integrates and responds to sexually-dimorphic metabolic signals at the cellular and molecular level towards delineating marked sex-specific differences under metabolic perturbations such as obesity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we studied cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity in the median-eminence and the periventricular (ME-PV) region of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), the key brain region influencing food-intake and energy homeostasis, in wild-type C57BL/6J adult male and female mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD, 60%) and standard-diet for ten-weeks. The body weight composition and glucose-tolerance were measured for both male and female mice, based on which HFD-sensitive and resistant mice were grouped. Estrous stage of female mice was recorded daily to determine their cyclicity. At the end of ten-week HFD, the mice according to the study design (Figure1) were sacrificed, the ME-PV region was microdissected, freshly dissociated and prepared based on strong groundwork and preliminary tests ensuring high quality samples for single cell isolation and cDNA library preparation using 10x Genomics® technology. After sequencing, the acquired data were pre-processed, normalized, regressed and integrated to minimize batch-effects using customized single-cell analysis pipeline. Unsupervised clustering resulted in 35 cell clusters comprising of 46,161 cells that were annotated based on the top marker genes, with astrocytes, tanycytes, endothelial cells and oligodendrocytes forming major cell-populations (Figure2), and revealing distinct and yet unidentified sexually-dimorphic and HFD-induced gene expression profiles. Together, our results represent a comprehensive resource that has transformed our understanding of ME-PV cell types and sex-specific gene expression dynamics in response to ovarian cycle in standard-diet fed female mice as well as sex-specific long term HFD-fed male and female mice.
    13 Leon Peshkin "Tabula Rana - Frog Cell Atlas of embryonic development and adult tissues"

    We will introduce Tabular Rana and present preliminary results. The genetic causes of human diseases are rapidly being identified thanks to a revolution in human personal genomics. True progress, however, requires further analysis of underlying developmental, cellular and molecular mechanisms, and establishment of predictive disease models to test therapeutic options. Ultimately, genes do not function in isolation; they are grouped spatially and temporally at multiple nested levels, the most salient functional unit being the single cell. Observing biological systems at the cellular level provides an unprecedented opportunity to define functional modularity and combinatorial interactions of genes in various physiological contexts. Many of these contexts are conserved in evolution, thus defining a baseline, deviations from which produce malformations and disease. Accordingly, a Human Cell Atlas is being built with the hope that it will form a core of this single-cell perspective. Parallel work in model organisms will be crucial, and cell atlases are being constructed currently e.g. in mouse and zebrafish.
    From Gurdon’s discovery of nuclear reprogramming, through Kirschner’s characterization of the MPF, to many recent discoveries, Xenopus remains at the forefront of biomedical research as a unique model. We set out to establish a Single Cell Atlas for this important model system which would enhance the value of the unique methods already available in Xenopus. It will be critical in complementing such other emerging Xenopus tools as CRISPR-edited mutant lines, which would be characterized in development and adult function at the single-cell level. Moreover, the large cell size of amphibians has already made single-cell proteomics possible in Xenopus, well ahead of other organisms; thus Xenopus is the natural choice for spearheading the shift towards single-cell proteomics. Overall, this project will enhance a critical animal model for the investigation of human disease mechanisms and open new horizons for many already supported projects that focus on specific organ systems and disease types.
    14 Irepan Salvador-Martinez Inferring evolutionary adaptation across the human developmental immune system.
    The human immune system (HIS) is continuously evolving due to natural selection (NS). In a population, NS increases the frequency of genetic variants that improve survival, leaving adaptive signatures in its genome. The recent publication of the developmental HIS atlas provided the most comprehensive transcriptional characterisation of immune cell types in different organs and ontogenic stages. Using this cell atlas and state-of-the-art population genomic methods, we inferred adaptation in the HIS cell types. Our results show differential adaptation patterns in human immune cell types at an unprecedented
    resolution.
    15 Ines Sequeira Adult skin wounds are frequently accompanied by scar formation that can become fibrotic. A fascinating and unique property of oral mucosa is that it rarely scars in response to wound healing, similar to foetal and neonatal skin. Yet the mechanisms of oral mucosa scarless healing are yet to be revealed. Our ultimate goal is to enhance skin wound healing properties by disclosing oral mucosal fibroblast regenerative potential. Our study has identified oral fibroblast subpopulations that hold higher regenerative capacity and that could be used for improved chronic skin wound therapies.
    16 Xiaofei Li The human spinal cord contains diverse cell types, governed by a series of spatiotemporal events for tissue assembly and functions. However, the spatiotemporal regulation of cell fate specification in the human developing spinal cord remains largely unknown. By performing integrated analysis of single-cell and spatial multi-omics methods, we created a comprehensive developmental cell atlas of the first trimester human spinal cord. Our data revealed that the cell fate commitment of neural progenitor cells and their spatial positioning are spatiotemporally regulated by specific gene sets. Beyond this resource, we unexpectedly discovered unique events in human spinal cord development compared to rodents, and demonstrated how this atlas can be used for disease study. 
    17 Alexandros Sountoulidis Focusing on the first trimester of gestation, we created a first topographic atlas of early human lung development. We report 83 cell-states, several spatially-resolved developmental trajectories and predict cell interactions within defined tissue niches. We integrated our results into a web-based platform for interactive exploration. We show distinct gene expression programs, sequential events of cell differentiation and maturation within epithelium. We define the origin of airway fibroblasts and associated smooth muscle and describe a trajectory of neuronal development. Our atlas provides a rich resource for further research and a reference for defining deviations in homeostatic-repair mechanisms, leading to pulmonary diseases.
    18 Zaneta Andrusivova Over the past years, there has been increasing amount of effort to describe events of early human embryogenesis. In this work, we aim to describe the events of human heart development on a molecular level. We have collected samples between the postconceptional week 6 and 12 and applied single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and spatial omics methods. By combining scRNA-seq data with spatial methods, we are given the opportunity to put the information into a spatial-temporal context of the developing heart to build more comprehensive atlas of the early development.
    19 Carlos Ulises Torres Flores System nervous central tumors are the second most common tumor in nervous system during childhood in which pilocytic astrocytoma is frequently found it. In Mexico this kind of tumor are treated usually with resection however in some cases patients recurrent but is not well know if this recurrency more aggressive. In an effort to describe transcriptional changes in cells from this two conditions, we perform snRNA-seq and we describe that some cell populations (immune and astrocyte cells) have transcriptional change that can be associated with recurrence.
    20 Yike Xie Dengue virus  (DENV) is a major threat to global health. 5-20% of symptomatic patients progress to severe dengue, with children showing increased morbidity and mortality. We sequenced 200,000 cell transcriptomesfrom immune cells of DENV-infected children and characterized severe dengue progressors (SDP) with unprecedented resolution. Virus harboring cells were primarily detected in B cells in both children and adults, and we observed viral replication in hepatoma cells infected with patient-derived B cells. Antigen presenting cells showed signs of increased migration and adhesion and decreased antigen presentation, while NK cells and T cells expressed exhaustion markers specifically in SDP children.
    21 Stéphane Zaffran Co-presenter: Heather Etchevers

    Congenital heart defects represent a significant, frequent health burden. Understanding their developmental origins promises improved diagnoses, prognoses and therapies. The French Human Developmental Cell Atlas (HuDeCA) consortium refines the cell identity atlas in human hearts from 8 to 12 post-conceptional weeks using single-nucleus/spatial transcriptomics and advanced imaging approaches. We integrate and validate both across our datasets and with existing atlases, using multiple technical approaches to establish varying levels of resolution. The gene expression networks deployed within individual cells at specific positions reveal semi-continuous identities, reflecting positional paracrine influences exerted by/on the many lineages of the first and longest-lived vital organ.
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